Awareness and practices regarding antimicrobial resistance among livestock farmers in Northern Uganda

This cross-sectional study among 246 livestock farmers in Northern Uganda shows that while general awareness of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is relatively high (64%) and widely perceived as important, only a minority of farmers (36%) correctly understand its meaning, revealing a clear knowledge gap. Antibiotic use was common (over 80% in the past year), yet practices were largely appropriate, with most farmers relying on veterinary professionals for drug selection, dosage, and adherence to withdrawal periods. Veterinary professionals and radio were the main sources of information, but only one-third of farmers had received formal AMR training. Secondary education was the only factor significantly associated with higher awareness, while older age was linked to better practices, and training strongly improved appropriate antimicrobial use. Overall, the study highlights that awareness does not equate to understanding, and targeted education and training are critical to ensure sustainable antimicrobial use.